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Compare Indian Ocean (2007) - Botswana (2002)
Compare Indian Ocean (2007) z Botswana (2002)
| Indian Ocean (2007) | Botswana (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe*, South-East, Southern |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 40% (male 319,988; female 316,961)
15-64 years: 55.8% (male 428,638; female 458,777) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 26,965; female 39,903) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts |
| Airports | - | 92 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 76
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 55 under 914 m: 18 (2002) |
| Area | total: 68.556 million sq km
note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies |
total: 600,370 sq km
land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 5.5 times the size of the US | slightly smaller than Texas |
| Background | The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude. | Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. |
| Birth rate | - | 28.04 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $2.3 billion
expenditures: $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY01/02 ) |
| Capital | - | Gaborone |
| Climate | northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean | semiarid; warm winters and hot summers |
| Coastline | 66,526 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | - | March 1965, effective 30 September 1966 |
| Country name | - | conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland |
| Currency | - | pula (BWP) |
| Death rate | - | 26.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $325 million (2001) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGING
embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 312782 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV
chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164 |
| Disputes - international | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $73 million (1995) (1995) |
| Economy - overview | The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. | Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $7,800 in 2001. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for four-fifths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 21%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 1.451 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 986 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 500 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m
highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m |
| Environment - current issues | endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea | overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | - | Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7% |
| Exchange rates | - | pulas per US dollar - 6.8353 (January 2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3% |
| Exports | - | $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | - | diamonds 80%, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles (2001) |
| Exports - partners | - | EFTA 85%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 10%, Zimbabwe 2% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | - | light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 4%
industry: 44% (including 36% mining) services: 52% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $7,800 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 4.7% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 80 00 E | 22 00 S, 24 00 E |
| Geography - note | major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait | landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country |
| Highways | - | total: 10,217 km
paved: 5,620 km unpaved: 4,597 km (1999) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | $2.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | - | foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products (2000) |
| Imports - partners | - | Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 77%, EFTA 9%, Zimbabwe 4% (1999) |
| Independence | - | 30 September 1966 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 2.4% (2001 est.) |
| Industries | - | diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 64.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 6.6% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 11 (2001) |
| Irrigated land | - | 10 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district) |
| Labor force | - | 264,000 formal sector employees (2000) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | NA |
| Land boundaries | - | total: 4,013 km
border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km |
| Land use | - | arable land: 0.61%
permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.38% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | English (official), Setswana |
| Legal system | - | based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 54.3%, BNF 24.7%, other 21%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 35.29 years
male: 35.15 years female: 35.43 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.) |
| Location | body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia | Southern Africa, north of South Africa |
| Map references | Political Map of the World | Africa |
| Maritime claims | - | none (landlocked) |
| Military branches | - | Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $135 million (FY01/02) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 3.5% (FY01/02) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 384,888 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 202,685 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 19,479 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) |
| Natural hazards | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches | periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility |
| Natural resources | oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules | diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver |
| Net migration rate | - | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | - | 1,591,232
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 47% (2000 est.) |
| Population growth rate | - | 0.18% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001) |
| Radios | - | 252,720 (2000) |
| Railways | - | total: 888 km
narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000 est.) |
| Religions | - | indigenous beliefs 85%, Christian 15% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development
domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 131,000 (September 2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 270,000 (September 2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 1 (2001) |
| Terrain | surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge | predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest |
| Total fertility rate | - | 3.6 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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